OPTIMIZATION ANTIBACTERIAL OINTMENT FORMULA PEG 400 AND PEG 4000 BASE OF MANGOSTEEN PEEL (Garcinia mangostana Linn) ETHANOLIC EXTRACT WITH DESIGN FACTORIAL METHOD

OPTIMIZATION ANTIBACTERIAL OINTMENT FORMULA PEG 400 AND PEG
4000 BASE OF MANGOSTEEN PEEL (Garcinia mangostana Linn) ETHANOLIC
EXTRACT WITH DESIGN FACTORIAL METHOD

Beny Dwi Hatmoko, Suprapto, dan Rima Munawaroh
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Jl. A. Yani Tromol Pos 1, Pabelan Kartasura Surakarta 57102

ABSTRAK

Kulit buah manggis selain bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan, bermanfaat juga sebagai antibakteri.
Senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yaitu α-mangostin. Untuk mempermudah penggunaan dan
efektivitas antibakteri, ekstrak kulit buah manggis perlu dilakukan formulasi dalam bentuk salep. Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi basis PEG 400 dan PEG 4000 terhadap sifat fisik dan
antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus serta mendapatkan formula optimum. Salep dibuat empat
formula yaitu PEG 400 dengan level rendah 26 g dan level tinggi 32 g, PEG 4000 level rendah 30 g dan level
tinggi 37 g dengan metode factorial design. Optimasi formula menggunakan software Design Expert dengan
mempertimbangkan parameter sifat fisik salep dan aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil prediksi factorial design
diverifikasi dan dianalisis dengan uji-t LSD dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Kombinasi optimum PEG 400
dan PEG 4000 pada perbandingan 30,7 g dan 33 g /100 g salep. Perbandingan prediksi dan verifikasi
menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada parameter uji pH, daya melekat dan aktivitas antibakteri,
berbeda tidak signifikan pada daya menyebar dan viskositas. Salep optimal dengan bentuk semi padat; pH
4,17; viskositas 98,33 d.Pas; daya melekat 17,33 detik; daya menyebar 10,36 cm
2
 dan diameter zona hambat
11 mm. 

Kata kunci: salep, kulit buah manggis, PEG 400, PEG 4000, antibakteri, factorial design


ABSTRACT

Mangosteen peel has many benefits such as antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The active
compound due to its antibacterial activity is α-mangostin. In order to ease the using and effectiveness of
antibacterial activity, mangosteen peel extract needs to be made as ointments. This study aimed to determine
the effect of PEG 400 and PEG 4000 base combination on the physical characteristic and antibacterial
activity against Staphylococcus aureus and also to obtain the optimum formula. The ointment made to be
four formulas: low level (26 g) and high level (32 g) of PEG 400, low level (30 g) and high level (37) of PEG
4000 using factorial design method. A Software named Design Expert was used for formula optimization
with consideration of physical characteristic of ointment and its antibacterial activity. Factorial design
predicted results verified and analyzed by T-test LSD with 95% confidence interval. The optimum
combination of PEG 400 and PEG 4000 was in ratio 30,7 g and 33 g /100 g ointment. The comparison of
predictions and verifications showed significant differences in pH test parameter, adhesion and antibacterial
activity and not significantly different in dispersive power and viscosity. The optimal ointment was a semisolid

form; pH 4,17; viscosity 98,33 d.Pas; adhesion 17,33 seconds; dispersive power 10,36 cm
 and
inhibition zone diameter of 11 mm. 

Keywords: ointments, mangosteenpeel, PEG 400, PEG 4000, antibacterial, factorial design